Ramblings of an old Doc
Published on February 4, 2011 By DrJBHL In Personal Computing

 

In the news this past week was an article notifying on the last block of IPv4 addresses having been sold in Florida.

What does that mean?

Well, it means that for ISP’s, mobile and home users the transition to IPv6 has become fairly imminent.

When the Internet was born, a mistake was made by the designers, pretty much like the mistake that led to the wave of fear about the 2K bug.

This time, the fault was a lack of imagination in seeing how huge the Internet would become and continue to expand. So, a new protocol was written called IPv6. The problem is that these new addresses won’t be accessible to IPv4 users. Consequently, a lot of changes will arrive in coming days, months, and years.

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers, meaning that there are 4.3 billion possible addresses (232). IPv6 addresses are 128-bit numbers (2128 ), meaning that the number of possible addresses is vastly larger.

What does this mean for me?:

For now, you don’t have a lot to worry about. If your router is dual stacked, you can sit back and relax because if your computer has an OS of XPSP3 or later, you’re covered. It will mean equipment upgrades at the ISP level and higher will be necessary. That’ll raise costs to you as well.

In fact, a group of 25 folks in Denver, CO have been given dual stacked routers from Comcast very recently to see how that solution will work. These will solve problems without “tunneling” software. You’ll be seeing more of this in the future.


Comments (Page 1)
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on Feb 04, 2011

Forgot to say, "For questions you might have, I can try to help, but for specific ISP plans, you should call your ISP."

on Feb 04, 2011

2 observations.  While most of the Internet is not accessible via IPv6 some of the big boys have already converted so you can reach them either way (Google and Facebook are a couple that come to mind).  It will be a slow process until the break point - and that will come now that the IPv4 pool is gone.  A massive change like this is never easy, but as you note, necessary.

And second, the mistake of IPv4 was not learned.  While the address space has increased, so has the waste.  While the number of IP addresses per person seems astonishing, for now, most will never be used because of that waste.  That means in another 30 years we will be back to square one on IP addresses (as everything from your car to your cat will need one).  But do I care?  I do not plan on being employed in 30 years, so not really.

on Feb 04, 2011

This has been a long time coming, the ISPs should be prepared by now. Running small-scale tests at this hour is being late to the party.

on Feb 04, 2011

Dr Guy
2 observations.  While most of the Internet is not accessible via IPv6 some of the big boys have already converted so you can reach them either way (Google and Facebook are a couple that come to mind).  It will be a slow process until the break point - and that will come now that the IPv4 pool is gone.  A massive change like this is never easy, but as you note, necessary.

And second, the mistake of IPv4 was not learned.  While the address space has increased, so has the waste.  While the number of IP addresses per person seems astonishing, for now, most will never be used because of that waste.  That means in another 30 years we will be back to square one on IP addresses (as everything from your car to your cat will need one).  But do I care?  I do not plan on being employed in 30 years, so not really.

Same here.

on Feb 04, 2011

In thirty years? Nah ....... it'll be too scary.

on Feb 04, 2011

Heavenfall
This has been a long time coming, the ISPs should be prepared by now. Running small-scale tests at this hour is being late to the party.

Only part of the story. The ISP's have to have equipment which works, and software that balances loads between servers, and that doesn't work reliably yet. Also, who's doing the certifying of the hardware and that has to be verified. No one really knows how to work with the new protocols and IPv6 addresses and Security software isn't adapted yet for IPv6.

One thing is that there are millions of extra IPv4 addresses that are unused which were given away to IBM, the U.S. Postal Service, the airline operations support company SITA, Prudential Securities, pharmaceutical giants Merck and Eli Lilly, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Apple, Xerox, AT&T, Level 3 Communications, General Electric, Ford Motor, and Halliburton.

Maybe 14-28% are in active use. The world used 319,000,000 last year alone. Also, trying to get them back isn't easy as how do you ask? "Can we have the url's you didn't use (but might very well be able to sell) back? As they try to get IPv6 up and running, the IPv4 addresses will become more and more expensive to obtain.

So the transition is going to be very awkward and slow.... and practically the ISP's really had no incentive to invest in unproven equipment and software for something which was then, many years away.

on Feb 04, 2011

Yea, MIT - did you hear they requested - and got - a /30 for the IPv6????  They must plan on having a LOT of robots!

on Feb 04, 2011

Why can't they just make a sytem that allows for incremental increase? Don't tell me I to start recycling IP adresses too?

on Feb 04, 2011

Dr Guy
Yea, MIT - did you hear they requested - and got - a /30 for the IPv6????  They must plan on having a LOT of robots!

No surprise judging on how they did with the /8.

seanw3
Why can't they just make a sytem that allows for incremental increase? Don't tell me I to start recycling IP adresses too?

Because no one can predict the future, mistakes cost money and because an address is either reachable or not.... If you have IPv4 and the site you need is IPv6, you won't get there... it won't matter to you that you can get somewhere else.

Look at it this way: You want to call Mr. Jones, but he has a 13 digit number and you can only dial 10. Is talking to Ms. Green (who has 10 of those 13 numbers in the right order) the same?

on Feb 04, 2011

And there is no way of making some software that can mediate between the two? Not my area of expertise but last time I wanted to talk to Jones I just called Mr.Cloud and he translated everything for me. But I defer to your wisdom.

on Feb 07, 2011

seanw3
And there is no way of making some software that can mediate between the two? Not my area of expertise but last time I wanted to talk to Jones I just called Mr.Cloud and he translated everything for me. But I defer to your wisdom.

They do have work arounds now if you want to run IPv6 internally.  But Like Doc said, if you want to communicate with the rest of the world, you still mostly have to use IPv4.  The problem with using an open ended addressing scheme is computers do not understand variable length addresses.  They pad with 0s.  So IPv6 is now using 128 bits - but again, with all the waste, that will be exhausted in time (but then they can start doing what they did with IPv4 such as NAT and Classless Addressing).

There is a method to their madness.  Right now, equipment is not set up to handle the number of addresses that are possible with IPv6 being used the way IPv4 is being used.  But every year, routers get more memory, and faster processors, so when they do run out of addresses, the equipment will be able to handle more routes (without causing a bottleneck for the lookup time).

The only thing sure in life and technology is change.  When IPv4 was created, the state of the technology then would not allow CIDR routing either.

on Feb 07, 2011

^ correct. Perhaps seanw3 is referring to "tunneling" software?

on Feb 07, 2011

http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPv6AddressSizeandAddressSpace-2.htm

 

Just so you get an understanding of the vastness of the IPv6 address range

on Feb 07, 2011
We'll never need more than 640k ram ....
on Feb 07, 2011

We'll never need more than 640k ram ....

Tired canards aside, IPv6 is ridiculously overengineered.  There is enough space in IPv6 to allocate 20 IP addresses to every molecule in every human being's body.

In exchange for this, we're losing the ability for humans to use IP addresses at all.  People can remember 192.168.21.17.  People won't remember 4d8c:77ee:0034:128f:f000:3812:a9d3:34ee.

There's a reason why we don't let the engineers design the UI...

 

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